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Naval heraldry is a form of identification used by naval vessels from the end of the 19th century onwards, after distinguishing features such as figureheads and gilding were discouraged or banned by several navies. Naval heraldry commonly takes the form of a badge, seal, crest, or coat of arms designed specifically for a ship (or a series of ships bearing the same name), which in Commonwealth navies takes the form of a large plaque, referred to as the ship's badge, mounted on the superstructure of the ship, and in the United States Navy is known as the ship's seal or ship's crest, and is primarily found on crew uniform patches. An item of naval heraldry is seen as the identifying logo of the vessel, and is commonly reproduced on hats, stationery, trophies, souvenirs, and gifts related to the ship. In many navies, the ship's badge is also displayed on the tampions - the covers for the gun muzzles. The naval heraldric tradition follows the heraldic traditions of the country, with some distinctive variations. ''Note: Although ships are commonly referred to in this article, identical or similar forms of heraldry are used for bases and facilities, organisational divisions, and land-based naval units.'' ==Portuguese Navy== The naval heraldry used by the Portuguese Navy is regulated by an ordinance of February 18, 2010, which replaced the previous ordinance of 1972. The coats of arms consist of a round tip shield (Portuguese shield), topped by a naval crown and under which is placed a scroll with the motto or the name of the body or unit. A scroll with the war cry of the unit can be placed above the naval crown. The coat of arms may also include tenants or supporters, trophies and decorations. A coat of arms can also be used as a badge, in which case an entirely round shield is used, surrounded by a branch of laurel on the right and by a branch of oak on the left. The following bodies and units are entitled to the use of coat of arms: # The Portuguese Navy itself; # Naval and maritime zones commands; # Bodies dependent from the Naval Command led by officers with the rank of commander or higher; # Main bodies of the National Maritime Authority; # The Hydrographic Institute; # Superintendencies and directorates of the Navy # Corvettes, frigates, submarines, training ships and other ships commanded by officers with the rank of commander or higher; # Permanent naval forces and groups; # Other bodies of the Navy commanded by officers with the rank of captain or higher; # The Hospital of the Navy; # The Navy Staff; # The Navy Band; # Authorized non-permanent naval forces and marine forces commanded by officers with the rank of commander or higher; # Flag officers heads of bodies or units entitled to the use of coat of arms. The coats of arms of the flag officers consist of the shield of the body or unit they command, replacing the mural crown for a helmet with a crest. The heraldic rank insignia of the officer (consisting of one or two anchors) is placed under the shield. The commands and the units of the Portuguese Navy are also entitled to the use of heraldic flags, that - depending on the type of unit - can be in the form of a standard, a guidon or a pennon. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Naval heraldry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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